Visualizing the Scope of Mass Incarceration in the United States

This web app was created using the ArcGIS API for Javascript. The totalcensus and tidycensus R packages helped to create the datasets. The two datasets consist of 1) all prisons or jails in the United States and 2) ACS 2018 five-year population and race data. A recent study by Cornell Researchers provided the population weights to determine how many people know an immediate family member that has been incarcerated at a prison or jail. This research was also used to create the third layer, which provides insight into incarcerated people's loved ones experiences visiting the facilities.

The true scope of mass incarceration cannot be realized without understanding how this system affects families and communities around the country. Studies show that an estimated 1 in 2 people in the United States have a parent, partner or sibling that has been incarcerated.

This map uses population frequencies by race. Overall, 42% of white people, 48% of hispanic people, 63% of Black people, and 63% of Native people have a parent, partner or sibling that has been incarcerated at a prison or jail. When you look at both gender and race, Black women are most likely to know an immediate family member or partner that has been incarcerated. Future visualizations will account for income, education level, and region.

If you click a facility, you can see the name, number of inmates, and facility type. If you click on one of the rendered density dots, you can see the population and race breakdown for the block group. Resources to learn more are below the map. To zoom in and out, view the legend, and to view bookmarked locations use the buttons on the top left corner. There is a search bar on the bottom right.

If you zoom out until you see the outlines of the states, you can click a state and read how people described their experience visiting their incarcerated family member or partner.



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sources

Enns, P. K., Yi, Y., Comfort, M., Goldman, A. W., Lee, H., Muller, C., Wakefield, S., Wang, E. A., & Wildeman, C. (2019). What Percentage of Americans Have Ever Had a Family Member Incarcerated?: Evidence from the Family History of Incarceration Survey (FamHIS). Socius. https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023119829332

U.S. Census Bureau (2010). Prisons and jails by city, 2010 decennial. Retrieved using totalcensus R package.

U.S. Census Bureau (2018). Population and Race statistics, 2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Retrieved using tidycensus R package.